What Do Art, Design, Decoration And Visual Literacy All Related

Graphic marker, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition

This article is about the graphic marking or emblem. For other uses, see Logo (disambiguation).

A logo (abbreviation of logotype;^[ane] from Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos) 'give-and-take, oral communication', and τύπος (túpos) 'mark, banner') is a graphic marking, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. Information technology may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a wordmark.

In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one discussion cast as a unmarried piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is ii or more letters joined, merely not forming a give-and-take.^[two] By extension, the term was as well used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass advice and in common usage, a company'due south logo is today oft synonymous with its trademark or make.^[3]

History

Numerous inventions and techniques take contributed to the contemporary logo, including cylinder seals (c. 2300 BCE), coins (c. 600 BCE),^{[4] [5]} trans-cultural diffusion of logographic languages, coats of arms,^[6] watermarks,^[7] silver hallmarks, and the development of printing technology.

As the industrial revolution converted western societies from agrarian to industrial in the 18th and 19th centuries, photography and lithography contributed to the blast of an advertising industry that integrated typography and imagery together on the page.^[eight] Simultaneously, typography itself was undergoing a revolution of form and expression that expanded across the small-scale, serif typefaces used in books, to bold, ornamental typefaces used on broadsheet posters.^[9]

The arts were expanding in purpose—from expression and decoration of an artistic, storytelling nature, to a differentiation of brands and products that the growing middle classes were consuming. Consultancies and trades-groups in the commercial arts were growing and organizing; by 1890, the US had 700 lithographic printing firms employing more viii,000 people.^[ten] Artistic credit tended to be assigned to the lithographic company, as opposed to the individual artists who usually performed less of import jobs.

A money from early 6th century BC Lydia bearing the head of a roaring panthera leo with sun rays

Innovators in the visual arts and lithographic process—such as French press business firm Rouchon in the 1840s, Joseph Morse of New York in the 1850s, Frederick Walker of England in the 1870s, and Jules Chéret of French republic in the 1870s—developed an illustrative style that went beyond tonal, representational fine art to figurative imagery with sections of bright, flat colors.^[x] Playful children'due south books, authoritative newspapers, and conversational periodicals developed their own visual and editorial styles for unique, expanding audiences. As printing costs decreased, literacy rates increased, and visual styles changed, the Victorian decorative arts led to an expansion of typographic styles and methods of representing businesses.^[11]

The first logo to be trademarked was the Bass red triangle in 1876

The Arts and crafts Move of tardily-19th century, partially in response to the excesses of Victorian typography, aimed to restore an honest sense of adroitness to the mass-produced goods of the era.^[12] A renewal of interest in craftsmanship and quality likewise provided the artists and companies with a greater involvement in credit, leading to the creation of unique logos and marks.

Past the 1950s, Modernism had shed its roots equally an avant-garde artistic movement in Europe to become an international, commercialized motion with adherents in the United States and elsewhere. The visual simplicity and conceptual clarity that were the hallmarks of Modernism as an artistic motion formed a powerful toolset for a new generation of graphic designers whose logos embodied Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's dictum, "Less is more." Modernist-inspired logos proved successful in the era of mass visual communication ushered in by tv set, improvements in printing technology, and digital innovations.

Gimmicky logos

The current era of logo blueprint began in the 1870s^{[ citation needed ]} with the offset abstract logo, the Bass ruddy triangle. Equally of 2014^[update], many corporations, products, brands, services, agencies, and other entities use an ideogram (sign, icon) or an keepsake (symbol) or a combination of sign and keepsake equally a logo. As a result, only a few of the thousands of ideograms in apportionment are recognizable without a name. An effective logo may consist of both an ideogram and the company proper name (logotype) to emphasize the proper name over the graphic, and utilize a unique design via the use of messages, colors, and additional graphic elements.

The Coca-Cola logo is identifiable in other writing-systems, here written in Cyrillic.

Ideograms and symbols may be more constructive than written names (logotypes), particularly for logos translated into many alphabets in increasingly globalized markets. For instance, a name written in Standard arabic script might have petty resonance in most European markets. By contrast, ideograms go on the general proprietary nature of a product in both markets. In not-profit areas, the Cherry Cross (varied as the Ruby Crescent in Muslim countries and as the Cherry-red Star of David in Israel) exemplifies a well-known keepsake that does not need an accompanying name. The red cross and red crescent are among the best-recognized symbols in the earth. National Ruby Cross and Reddish Crescent Societies and their Federation as well as the International Committee of the Carmine Cross include these symbols in their logos.

Branding can aim to facilitate cross-language marketing.^[13] Consumers and potential consumers can identify the Coca-Cola name written in unlike alphabets considering of the standard colour and "ribbon wave" design of its logo. The text was written in Spencerian Script, which was a popular writing style when the Coca-Cola Logo was existence designed.^[14]

Logo design

Since a logo is the visual entity signifying an organization, logo design is an of import surface area of graphic design. A logo is the central chemical element of a circuitous identification organization that must be functionally extended to all communications of an organisation. Therefore, the pattern of logos and their incorporation in a visual identity organization is ane of the near difficult and important areas of graphic blueprint. Logos fall into three classifications (which can be combined). Ideographs, such every bit Chase Depository financial institution, are completely abstract forms; pictographs are iconic, representational designs; logotypes (or wordmarks) depict the name or company initials. These elements can be combined in a prepare position and relative size in a logo lock-upward, so named because elements are "locked" together and should not exist broken apart or resized individually.^[15] Because logos are meant to represent companies' brands or corporate identities and foster their immediate customer recognition, it is counterproductive to frequently redesign logos.

The logo design profession has substantially increased in numbers over the years since the rise of the Modernist movement in the United States in the 1950s.^[16] Iii designers are widely^[17] considered the pioneers of that movement and of logo and corporate identity blueprint: The offset is Chermayeff & Geismar,^[18] which is the business firm responsible for many iconic logos, such every bit Chase Bank (1964), Mobil Oil (1965), PBS (1984), NBC (1986), National Geographic (2003), and others. Due to the simplicity and boldness of their designs, many of their earlier logos are still in utilize today. The firm recently designed logos for the Library of Congress and the fashion brand Armani Exchange. Another pioneer of corporate identity pattern is Paul Rand,^[nineteen] who was one of the originators of the Swiss Style of graphic design. He designed many posters and corporate identities, including the famous logos for IBM, UPS, and ABC. The third pioneer of corporate identity pattern is Saul Bass.^[20] Bass was responsible for several recognizable logos in Northward America, including both the Bell Telephone logo (1969) and successor AT&T Corporation world (1983). Other well-known designs were Continental Airlines (1968), Dixie (1969), and United Style (1972). After, he would produce logos for a number of Japanese companies also. An important evolution in the documentation of logo design is the study of French trademarks by historian Edith Amiot and philosopher Jean Louis Azizollah.^[21]

Logo color

Colour is a key chemical element in logo design and plays an of import function in brand differentiation. Colors can accept immense consequences on our moods. They are remarkably dominant to the betoken that they tin dispense perspectives, emotions, and reactions.^[22] The importance of color in this context is due to the mechanics of human visual perception wherein colour and contrast play critical roles in visual detail detection. In improver, we tend to learn various color connotations and color associations through social and cultural workout, and these play a office in how nosotros decipher and evaluate logo color. While color is considered of import to brand recognition and logo blueprint, it shouldn't conflict with logo functionality, and it needs to exist remembered that colour connotations and associations are not consistent across all social and cultural groups. For instance, in the United states, ruby, white, and blue are ofttimes used in logos for companies that want to projection patriotic feelings but other countries will have different sets of colors that evoke national pride.

Choosing an organisation's logo's color is an of import decision because of its long term implications and its role in creating differentiation among competitors' logos. A methodology for identifying potential logo colors inside an manufacture sector is color mapping, whereby existing logo colors are systematically identified, mapped, and evaluated (O'Connor, 2011).^[23]

Logo blueprint process

Designing a skillful logo oftentimes requires involvement from a marketing team teaming with the graphic pattern studio. Before a logo is designed, there must be a clear definition of the concept and values of the brand as well as agreement of the consumer or target group. Wide steps in the logo pattern process include enquiry, conceptualization, investigation of alternative candidates, refinement of a chosen design, testing across products, and finally adoption and product of the chosen mark.

Dynamic logos

Nunc est bibendum (now is the time to drink), 1898 Michelin affiche.

The MTV logo. Information technology has been modified to include images within the black areas from fourth dimension to time.

In 1898, the French tire manufacturer Michelin introduced the Michelin Man, a cartoon figure presented in many unlike contexts, such as eating, drinking, and playing sports. By the early 21st century, large corporations such equally MTV, Nickelodeon, Google, Morton Common salt, and Saks Fifth Avenue had adopted dynamic logos that alter over time from setting to setting.^[24]

Cyberspace-compatible logos

A visitor that uses logotypes (wordmarks) may desire a logo that matches the firm's Cyberspace accost. For short logotypes consisting of two or iii characters, multiple companies are found to utilize the same messages. A "CA" logo, for example, is used by the French bank Credit Agricole, the Dutch clothing retailer C&A, and the The states software corporation CA Technologies, just only one can take the Cyberspace domain proper noun CA.com.

In today'due south digital interface adaptive world, a logo volition be formatted and re-formatted from large monitors to small handheld devices. With the constant size change and re-formatting, logo designers are shifting to a more than bold and simple arroyo, with heavy lines and shapes, and solid colors. This reduces the confusion when mingled with other logos in tight spaces and when scaled betwixt media. Social networks like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Google+ utilise such logos.

Design protection

Logos and their design may be protected by copyright, via various intellectual property organisations worldwide which make available application procedures to register a design to requite it protection at law. For example, in the United kingdom, the Intellectual Property Part (Great britain)^[25] govern registered designs, patents, and trademarks. Ordinarily, the trademark registration will not 'make claim' to colors used, meaning it is the visual blueprint that will be protected, fifty-fifty if it is reproduced in a variety of other colors or backgrounds.

In some countries, specially civil constabulary countries, the threshold of originality required for copyright protection can be quite loftier so logo that contains simple geometric shapes or texts might non be eligible for copyright protection although it can be protected as trademark.

Sports

For many teams, a logo or "crest" is an important manner to recognize a team's history and can intimidate opponents. For sure teams, the logo and color scheme are synonymous with the team's players. For example, Manchester United, the Toronto Maple Leafs, or New York Yankees all take a recognizable logo that can be identified by any fan of the respective sport.

Encounter likewise

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Logos.

• Graphic design
• Heraldry
• Icon
• Logogram
• Monogram, a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more than letters or other graphemes to form one symbol
• Seal (emblem)
• Slogan
• Sound trademark

References

1. ^ "logo". Oxford Dictionaries UK English language Dictionary. Oxford University Press. due north.d. Retrieved 2014-03-05 .
2. ^ Fyffe, Charles. Bones Copyfitting, Studio Vista, London, 1969, SBN 289797055, p.54.
3. ^ Wheeler, Alina. Designing Brand Identity © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page iv) ISBN 978-0-471-74684-iii
4. ^ Herodotus. Histories, I, 94.
5. ^ A. Ramage, "Golden Sardis," Male monarch Croesus' Gold: Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining, edited by A. Ramage and P. Craddock, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2000, p. xviii.
6. ^ C. A. Stothard, Monumental Effigies of Slap-up Uk (1817) pl. 2, illus. in Wagner, Anthony, Richmond Herald, Heraldry in England (Penguin, 1946), pl. I.
7. ^ Meggs 1998, p. 58.
8. ^ Meggs 1998, pp. 138–159.
9. ^ Meggs 1998, pp. 126–134.
10. ^ ^{a b} Meggs 1998, p. 148–155.
11. ^ Meggs 1998, pp. 159–161.
12. ^ Meggs 1998, pp. 162–167.
13. ^ "TICoRD'13: Global Product Evolution". Springer. Springers. Retrieved 26 November 2016. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
14. ^ "The Coca-Cola logo story". Coca-Cola Official Website. The Coca-Cola Visitor. Retrieved 28 Jan 2016.
15. ^ "What is the deviation between a logotype, logomark, and logo lockup?". DesignTLC.com. Blueprint TLC. Baronial ane, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
16. ^ Meggs 1998, p. 363.
17. ^ Meggs 1998, pp. 369–374.
18. ^ Meggs 1998, pp. 373–374.
19. ^ Meggs 1998, p. 369.
20. ^ Meggs 1998, p. 375.
21. ^ Les Marques Francaises 1824–1974
22. ^ Fugate, Jennifer Marie Binzak; Franco, Courtny L. (2019). "What Color is Your Anger? Assessing Color-Emotion Pairings in English Speakers". Frontiers in Psychology. 10: 206. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00206. PMC6399154. PMID 30863330.
23. ^ Zena O'Connor (2011). "Logo Colour and Differentiation: A New Application of Environmental Colour Mapping". Color Research and Awarding. 36 (1): 55–lx. doi:10.1002/col.20594.
24. ^ Rawsthorn, Alice (2007-02-11). "The new corporate logo: Dynamic and changeable are all the rage". International Herald Tribune . Retrieved 2008-05-21 .
25. ^ "Intellectual Belongings Function (United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland)". Great britain Patent Office.

Sources

• Meggs, Philip B. (1998). A History of Graphic Design (Third ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0-471-29198-5.

External links

Look upwards logo in Wiktionary, the free lexicon.

• Northern Army Preservation Society: A gallery of noted Canadian corporate logos.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo

Posted by: mieleyouresser.blogspot.com

Share this post